2025年高考如何做閱讀理解細節題
來源：網絡整理 2024-11-12 17:13:37
綜觀近幾年的高考英語閱讀題，盡管推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢，但細節仍然占有較大比例，而且已由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題轉向通過語句的同義或反義轉換來考查同學們對英語語言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加。本文擬就細節題的不同類型談談其解題技巧。
一、語義轉換題——跳讀查找法
這是做事實細節題最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情況下，細節題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學們若能根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子，然后進行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。
運用跳讀查找法時，同學們要特別注意試題(包括選項)與原文之間的適當變換。根據近幾年的考題情況來看，現在很少有直接用原文中的句子進行考查和測試的，而通常要進行一定的處理。而這種“處理”主要就是指進行語義轉換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。請看下面的例子(重慶高考英語試題)：
“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy,” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus, California. “Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program(CBEP), a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more.
The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze(分析) the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect(建筑師) who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. “Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”
CBEP is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on the children’s own standards.
1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom ______.
A. to find out kids’ creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher
C. to give children lectures D. to help kids with their program
2. Who is the designer of the program?
A. An official. B. An architect.
C. A teacher. D. A scientist.
【解題思路分析】
1. 選D。根據第2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案為D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與help同義。
2. 選C。根據第2段中的 …the teacher who developed this program 可知答案選C。develop與design 在此大致同義。
二、細節排序題——首尾定位法
這種試題要求考生根據動作發生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關系，找出事件發生的正確順序。同學們在做這種題時可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先判斷第一個找出第一個動作和最后一個動作，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。請看下面的例子(浙江高考英語試題)：
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football, tennis, cricket—anything with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire, England.
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.
The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in Scotland, where he learnt about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, the decided that this would be his future.
In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice.
Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.
Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.
1. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?
a. He ran his first marathon.
b. He skied alone in the North Pole.
c. He rode his bike in a forest.
d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A. a-c-d-b B. c-d-a-b C. a-c-b-d D. c-a-b-d
【解題思路分析】
題目要求我們按事件發生時間來進行排序。根據首尾定位法，第一步是c. He rode his bike in a forest，最后一步是d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole，故答案選D。
三、尋找信息題——題干定位法
快速尋找信息題一般為功能閱讀題，主要形式有廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時間表等。做這類題時沒有必要閱讀全文，宜采用“題干定位法”。 請看下面的例子(浙江高考英語試題)：
Take Action for a Better World: Volunteers Needed
Six months’ preparation in Denmark: Africa studies, team work combined with social work with risk group teenagers.
Six months’ community work in Malawi in People to People Projects: Child Aid, HIV / AIDS. Fights and Teacher Training.
Qualifications(條件): 18 years, hard-working and social engagement.
Please contact us by email: takeaction@ betterworld. Com
Part-time Work with Exchange Students
YOUTH International is a non-profit high school foreign exchange student organization. We welcome teenagers from over 80 countries worldwide and provide host families. The Community Representative is a part-time position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding in the community and earn some extra money.
Applicants(申請人) best suited for this work should enjoy teenagers, have a strong interest in cross-cultural communication, and feel comfortable networking. Full training and support will be provided through branch offices throughout the U.S. Positions available in most states.
If interested, please email staff@ youth. org or call 888-123-9872.
International Summer Job
Hi, I am an ESL student in China. I’m 20, quiet and polite, and I speak reasonable English. I’m looking for a summer job in an English-speaking country. I can teach Chinese or do house and garden work, and cook Chinese dishes. Can anybody offer me a job? I don’t need to earn much, just enough in 2 months (July-August) to pay for my return ticket to China. My goal is to improve my English and see a bit more of the world.
My email is: ram3462@ hotmail. Com
Call for Native Speakers of English
I am looking for native speakers of English to join in an experiment. This experiment is carried out over the Internet. You don’t need any specific knowledge other than understanding and speaking English at a native level. The first task will take you around 15 minutes. After this task, you can decide whether you want to continue the experiment. The tasks involve reading texts and designing questions and answers.
If you are willing to help me, then please email me: club3864@ hotmail.com
1. Who is suitable to work as a Community Representative in YOUTH International?
A. One who enjoys working with teenagers from different countries.
B. One who hopes to take action in fighting against diseases.
C. One who has a strong desire to improve his or her English.
D. One who wants to earn some pocket money in the program.
2. Where will Jack, a volunteer, receive the training before he is sent to work in Malawi?
A. In some local offices in the US.
B. In an ESL organization in China.
C. In a preparation program in Demark.
D. In an exchange student center in Africa.
3. If Mrs Black in the U.S. hopes to learn some Chinese at home, she may contact _______.
A. takeaction@betterworld.com B. ram3462@hotmail.com
C. club3864@hotmail.com D. staff@youth.org
【解題思路分析】
1. 選A。根據題干中的關鍵題YOUTH International可知，此題答案一定在第二個表格中。再根據其中的teenagers from over 80 countries 以及…should enjoy teenagers…可知答案選A。
2. 選C。根據題干中的關鍵題volunteer和work in Malawi可知，此題答案一定在第一個表格中。再根據其中的Six months’ preparation in Denmark可知答案選C。
3. 選B。根據題干中的關鍵題hopes to learn some Chinese at home可知，此題答案一定在第三個表格中，故答案選B。
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