2025年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀題中的命題陷阱

　　命置高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題時(shí)，命題人常常會(huì)給出一些與所給篇章中的原文原句相似或完全一樣的選項(xiàng)，同學(xué)們很容易把這類選項(xiàng)當(dāng)作正確選項(xiàng)。實(shí)際上，它們未必就是正確選項(xiàng)，而且很有可能是命題人利用學(xué)生做題習(xí)慣和急躁心態(tài)所設(shè)置的最強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。它們有可能與原文原句所表達(dá)的意義不一致，或與命題題干所要求的內(nèi)容不相符。設(shè)置此類陷阱主要有以下三種方法：

　　-貌似相同，實(shí)則不同

　　高考閱讀理解題中所給出的有些選項(xiàng)，看起來(lái)與原文中的某個(gè)句子十分相似，但由于命題人在提供選項(xiàng)時(shí)已經(jīng)換掉了其中的部分文字，使得該選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與原文原句所表達(dá)的意義產(chǎn)生了很大的不同，該選項(xiàng)不能作為正確選項(xiàng)。而真正的正確選項(xiàng)雖然與原文原句所使用的詞語(yǔ)或句式不盡相同，卻能夠正確表達(dá)原文內(nèi)容。例如：(2003年北京春，A篇)Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer(掃盲志愿者).The training I received，though excellent，did not tell me how it was to work with a real student，however.When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read，I realized the true importance of reading.……

　　這篇閱讀理解后有這樣一道題：

　　What did the author do last summer？

　　A.She worked in the supermarket.

　　B.She helped someone to read and write.

　　C.She gave single mothers the help they needed

　　D.She went to a training program to help a literacy volunteer.

　　D選項(xiàng)與原文中劃線部分內(nèi)容看起來(lái)十分相似，但是由于命題人對(duì)黑體字部分的替換，使得選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容(她參加了一個(gè)培訓(xùn)班，來(lái)幫助掃盲志愿者)和原文原句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容(她參加了一個(gè)培訓(xùn)班，成了一名掃盲志愿者)已經(jīng)完全不相同，所以，該選項(xiàng)不是正確選項(xiàng)。而真正的正確選項(xiàng)是B。雖然我們不能從原文中找到和B選項(xiàng)一樣的句子，但它卻正確表達(dá)了一個(gè)掃盲志愿者的工作內(nèi)容。

　　-一字之差，意義相反

　　高考閱讀理解題的命題人，常使用原文原句中所使用詞語(yǔ)的反義詞，使所給選項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)原文意義，而實(shí)際上卻與原文意義相反。比如：(2002北京春，B篇)……First，the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station.Although the power stations themselves are strongly built，the containers used for the transport of the materials are not.Normally，only two methods of transport are in use，namely road or rail.Unfortunately，both of these may have an effect on the general public，since they are sure to pass near or even through heavily populated areas.……

　　這篇閱讀理解后的一道題中有這樣一個(gè)選項(xiàng)：It's unusual for radioactive materials to be transported across land.這個(gè)選項(xiàng)中由于unusual一詞的使用，使選項(xiàng)意義與原文中劃線部分的意思正好相反。如果選項(xiàng)中使用usual一詞，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)就與原文意義一致了。

　　-使用only，not…at al，absolutely等詞，使選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容過(guò)于絕對(duì)化

　　在做高考閱讀理解題時(shí)，要注意選項(xiàng)中only，not…at all，absolutely等表示絕對(duì)意義的詞的使用，含有這類詞的選項(xiàng)往往因其意義過(guò)于絕對(duì)化而與原文中所表達(dá)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容不一致。例如：(2005遼寧，D篇)……T

　　The fact that most of these young people have go to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they should have if they had not left their countries……

　　這篇閱讀理解后的一道題中有這樣一個(gè)選項(xiàng)：If young people go abroad，they do not hold to the value of duty at all.原文的意思是這些人對(duì)老人的責(zé)任心不強(qiáng)，而選項(xiàng)的意思則成了這些人對(duì)老人一點(diǎn)責(zé)任心都沒(méi)有。

　　-雖為原文原句，但答非所問(wèn)

　　(2006山東，B篇)……The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey，the former owner and host of the shabby Cosey's Hotel and Resort in Silk，North Carolina，described in the novel as“the best and best-known vacation spot for colored folk on the East Coast.”We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love him：his granddaughter，his widow，two former employees，and a home less young girl……

　　The novel Love mainly describes______.

　　A.the best-known vacation spot for colored folk on the East Coast

　　B.the life of an outstanding black family under slavery

　　C.the miserable experience of the five women in Harlem

　　D.the memories of five women about Bill Cosey

　　A選項(xiàng)雖然可以在原文中找到(劃線部分)，但是由于它不是小說(shuō)的主要內(nèi)容，不能回答題干提出的問(wèn)題，所以不能作為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　在做高考閱讀理解題時(shí)，不能僅憑某個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文原句相似或一樣就不假思索，草率做出決定。這類選項(xiàng)有可能是正確選項(xiàng)也有可能是命題陷阱。識(shí)破命題陷阱并不是很難的事，只要克服考試時(shí)的緊張、浮躁的情緒，仔細(xì)審題，認(rèn)真思考就可以選出正確的答案。

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