高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)
2021-09-25 17:31:59高考網(wǎng)整理
高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)
高頻考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
例1．(2019·江蘇卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A．resembling B．reflecting
C．reviewing D．restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的產(chǎn)物，它反映了人類(lèi)的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。resemble“看起來(lái)像”；reflect“反映”；review“檢查”；restore“恢復(fù)”。
【舉一反三】【2018·江蘇】22. Kids?shouldn’t?have?access?to?violent?films?because?they?might?_______ the?things?they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：孩子不應(yīng)該接觸暴力電影，因?yàn)樗麄円苍S會(huì)模仿他們所見(jiàn)的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate調(diào)查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故選C。
【變式探究】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解析】句意：當(dāng)最后決定課程的時(shí)候到了，我決定申請(qǐng)能反映我興趣的課程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.寵壞。故選C。
【變式探究】While intelligent people can often ______ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A．sacrifice B．substitute
C．simplify D．survive
【答案】C
【解析】句意：聰明的人常常能把復(fù)雜的事情簡(jiǎn)單化，而愚蠢的人更可能把簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題復(fù)雜化。根據(jù)句意可知，這里用simplify與后面的the simple對(duì)應(yīng)，the complex與后面的complicate呼應(yīng)。sacrifice“犧牲”；substitute“代替”；survive“幸存”。
【舉一反三】A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A．realizing B．copying
C．offering D．misunderstanding
【答案】C
【解析】句意：善于傾聽(tīng)的人在談話(huà)的時(shí)候，往往會(huì)提出想法和問(wèn)題，從而使得談話(huà)能流暢地進(jìn)行下去。offer“提供，主動(dòng)提出”，符合句意。realize“意識(shí)到”；copy“復(fù)制”；misunderstand“誤解”。
高頻考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析
例2．(2019·江蘇卷)More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A．take up B．clear up
C．hold up D．spring up
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：為了滿(mǎn)足清潔能源的要求，更多的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站將涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)。take up“占據(jù)，從事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“舉起，阻礙”；spring up“迅速出現(xiàn)，突然興起”。
【舉一反三】【2018·天津】At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：起初，羅伯特不愿讓他女兒去潛水，但最終他讓步了，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，讓步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闖入；打斷；D. turned up出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最終他讓步了。故選A。
【變式探究】（2017?天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來(lái)，結(jié)婚生子。A.安頓下來(lái)；B.遠(yuǎn)離；C起床；D.擦嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選A。
【變式探究】Many businesses started up by college students have________thanks to the comfortable climatefor business creation
A.fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。短語(yǔ)fall off跌落，下降；take off起飛，成功，受歡迎；turn off關(guān)閉；leave off停止，中斷；句意：由于良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，很多大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的生意都很成功。根據(jù)句意可知B正確。
【變式探究】Mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.
A．find out B．wash out
C．wear out D．set out
【答案】C
【解析】句意：母親總是抱怨孩子們的鞋很快就穿破了。wear out“用壞，(使)磨損”，符合語(yǔ)境。find out“查明”；wash out“把……洗掉”；set out“啟程，動(dòng)身”。
【舉一反三】Butterflies ________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A．carry on B．feed on
C．put on D．focus on
【答案】B
【解析】句意：蝴蝶以花產(chǎn)生的一種甜甜的液體為食，蜜蜂和別的昆蟲(chóng)則采集這種液體。carry on“繼續(xù)”；feed on“以……為食物”；put on“上演，穿上”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等于……上)”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。
高頻考點(diǎn)三 動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))的熟詞生義
例3.The two countries are going to meet to ________ some barriers to trade between them.
A．make up B．use up
C．turn down D．break down
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這兩個(gè)國(guó)家將要會(huì)面以?huà)叱齼蓢?guó)之間的貿(mào)易障礙。make up“組成，構(gòu)成，編造，虛構(gòu)，和解”；use up“用完，用光”；turn down“拒絕，調(diào)低”；break down常見(jiàn)熟義：分解，出故障；生義：掃除(障礙)，清除(困難)，失敗。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞meet(會(huì)面)以及barriers(障礙)可知是掃除障礙。
【舉一反三】Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test of time.
A．failed B．stood
C．taken D．conducted
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：莎士比亞的作品當(dāng)今依舊很受歡迎，它的確經(jīng)受住了時(shí)間的檢驗(yàn)。根據(jù)前一句“Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.”可推知，后一句意為“莎士比亞的作品經(jīng)受住了(stood)時(shí)間的檢驗(yàn)”。Stand常見(jiàn)熟義：站立，位于；生義：經(jīng)受住，容忍，忍受。Stand the test of time經(jīng)受住了時(shí)間的檢驗(yàn)，故選B項(xiàng)。
【變式探究】The athlete‘s years of hard training ________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal in the 2016 Olympics in Rio De Janeiro.
A．went on B．got through
C．paid off D．ended up
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員最終在2016年里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌時(shí)，她多年的刻苦訓(xùn)練總算得到了回報(bào)。Pay off熟義為“還清”，生義為“取得成功，奏效”，符合句意；go on“繼續(xù)下去”；get through“完成，處理”；end up“最終處于……”。
【舉一反三】We all agreed that the cottage would ________a perfect holiday home for the family.
A．make B．turn
C．take D．have
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：我們都認(rèn)為這幢小別墅非常適合全家度假時(shí)居住。make在此為熟詞生義，表示“適合做，宜用作”，符合題意。
1．(2019·江蘇卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, ________ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A．resembling B．reflecting
C．reviewing D．restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：城市是人的手和思想的產(chǎn)物，它反映了人類(lèi)的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。resemble“看起來(lái)像”；reflect“反映”；review“檢查”；restore“恢復(fù)”。
2．(2019·江蘇卷)More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A．take up B．clear up
C．hold up D．spring up
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：為了滿(mǎn)足清潔能源的要求，更多的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站將涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)。take up“占據(jù)，從事”；clear up“清理”；hold up“舉起，阻礙”；spring up“迅速出現(xiàn)，突然興起”。
3．(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying.
A．set aside B．take back
C．make out D．keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：凱特聽(tīng)到背景中有一個(gè)男人的聲音，但是聽(tīng)不清他在說(shuō)什么。A項(xiàng)意為“暫不考慮”；B項(xiàng)意為“收回”；C項(xiàng)意為“聽(tīng)清”；D項(xiàng)意為“使避開(kāi)”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)選C。
