高考英語特殊句式考點講解(2)
2021-09-25 11:52:24高考網整理
高頻考點四 省略
例4． Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A．to leave B．leaving
C．leave D．left
【答案】D
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合適的人的手中，電子游戲就會有一個很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語是video games，主語video games與leave之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞。if left...是“連詞＋過去分詞”構成的狀語從句的省略。
【舉一反三】If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
A．to accept B．accept
C．accepting D．accepted
【答案】D
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做這份工作，你很快就會接到通知。句中you與accept之間為被動關系，應用過去分詞，所以答案為D。本題中if之后省略了主語和be動詞，補充完整為：If you are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.。
【變式探究】The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30℃ in summer.
A．if not B．if ever
C．if any D．if so
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略句。句意：這里的氣候宜人，如果曾經有的話，在夏季氣溫極少達到30攝氏度。if not如果不；if ever如果曾經有，如果曾經發生；if any如果有的話；if so如果是這樣的話。根據句中的關鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(極少)可知，空格處表達的意思是“如果曾經有(if ever)”。
【變式探究】The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________．
A．not to do B．not to
C．not do D．do not
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略。句意：那個司機想把車停靠在路邊，但是警察不允許他這樣做。這里為了避免重復，省略與前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符號to。補充完整后應為“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。
高頻考點五 其他特殊句式
例5．(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.
A．press B．to press
C．pressing D．pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，只要按下按鈕，一個訓練有素的代理人就會給你需要的幫助。根據句子結構可知，此處為祈使句，所以用動詞原形。
【舉一反三】—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you?
A．mustn’t B．haven’t
C．didn’t D．hadn’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查反意疑問句。句意：——去年夏天，我在倫敦度過了兩個星期。——那么，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國博物館，是不是？must have done結構在句中表示對過去事情的肯定推測，當句末有反意疑問的語氣時，可分為兩種情況： (1)句中沒有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結構為“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結構為“didn’t...？”。根據題干中的過去時間狀語last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑問句的結構應用第二種情況。
【變式探究】Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A．read B．reading
C．to read D．reads
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大聲朗讀幾遍諺語，直到你能背誦為止。連詞until引導時間狀語從句，前面為主句，主句是一個祈使句，故選A。
【變式探究】The old president of that company must have donated most of his money to the charity and those in need, ________？
A．didn’t he B．doesn’t he
C．hasn’t he D．mustn’t he
【答案】C
【解析】考查反意疑問句。句意：那個公司年邁的董事長肯定把他大部分的錢捐獻給了慈善機構和那些貧困的人，不是嗎？當must用來表示對過去情況進行推測(must have done)時，如果強調動作的完成(此時句中一般沒有表示過去的時間狀語)，反意疑問句部分用“haven’t/hasn’t＋主語”。
1.（2019·新課標I卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】時態和考查主謂一致。根據three are declining，此處數詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復數謂語，一般現在時，故填are。
2．(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.
A．should they B．they should
C．dare they D．they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒裝和情態動詞。句意：教授警告學生說在他的課上絕對不應該使用手機。on no account(絕對不)具有否定意義，置于句首時，句子應使用部分倒裝結構；再結合句意“不應該”可知，應選A。
1.【2018·北京】In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，僅僅摁一下這個按鈕，一個訓練有素的特工就會使你得到你需要的幫助。and是連詞，連接并列結構，and后面是一個句子，那么，前面也應是句子，選項中只有動詞原形可以構成祈使句，其余的都是非謂語動詞，無法構成句子。故A選項正確。
2.【2018·天津】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查強調句。句意：只有當汽車在我們房子前停下來我們才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。這里考查強調句，強調句型結構為：It is/ was + 被強調部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+ that/ who(當強調主語且主語指人)+ 其他部分。本題強調時間狀語only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故選B。
1．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。
2．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該 生是無法克服她自己的困難的。
3．（2017·江蘇卷·單項填空） ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣的省略。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。
4．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省
略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。
5．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it
C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。
6.(2017·江蘇卷) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣的省略。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。
7．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該 生是無法克服她自己的困難的。
8．（2017?天津）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：當我回到我的公寓的時候，我首先遇見了我的新鄰居。根據關鍵詞It was開頭，后面連詞首選that，，構成強調句型，但需要驗證，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以確定是強調句型。故選D。
1．(2016·新課標Ⅱ，50)It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，________(make)sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】make
【解析】句意：它可以是園藝、烹飪、音樂、運動等任何事情，但是，無論它是什么，務必保證它是讓你釋放壓力而不是讓你擔憂的事。句中動詞短語置于句首，構成祈使句，故用動詞原形。
2．(2016·天津，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：你等錯地方了。長途汽車來賓館接游客。本題考查強調句型：It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他。本句中at the hotel是被強調部分，缺強調句式中的that，故填that。
3.【2016·江蘇】34.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage D. they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵在農村地區開展與旅游業有關的活動。當not until所引導的時間狀語放在句首時，主句要使用部分倒裝。故C項正確。
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