學(xué)霸分享：2020高考英語幾種特殊的介詞賓語

　　2020年高考即將開戰(zhàn)，你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？對于高中英語成績不好的同學(xué)來說，熟悉復(fù)習(xí)資料的積累要隨時(shí)整理。高考網(wǎng)小編為各位考生整理了一些高考英語必備的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，供大家參考閱讀！

　　介詞賓語通常是用名詞,代詞,動(dòng)名詞,名詞性從句等詞類或結(jié)構(gòu)表示的。但是,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動(dòng)詞不定式等詞類或結(jié)構(gòu)在一定的情況下也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語。

　　A.不定式作介詞賓語�？山硬欢ㄊ阶髻e語的介詞有 about、besides、but、except、save、instead of等。

　　例如:

　　As I was about to say,you interrupted me.

　　我正要說的時(shí)候,你插嘴了。

　　Autumn harvest was about to start.

　　快要秋收了。

　　I hardly remember what I did besides read.

　　除了閱讀我?guī)缀跤洸黄鹞疫�做了些什么。

　　Dela could do nothing but flop down on the shabby little couch and?weep.

　　德拉只得倒在破舊的小睡椅上哭泣。

　　It's so difficult for me. There will be nothing for it but to ask for help.

　　這事太難,我只好請人幫忙。

　　He did nothing all day except practise reading English aloud.

　　他整天都在練習(xí)朗讀英語。

　　It had no effect except to make him angry.

　　這沒產(chǎn)生什么效果,只是使他生氣而已。

　　What had she done for her father save leave him at the first oppertunity?

　　陳了一有機(jī)會(huì)就離開她的父親,她還能為她父親做點(diǎn)什么呢?

　　He proposed to do some work instead of to watch television.

　　提議做些事情而不要去看電視。

　　介詞 but、except、besides、save后的不定式,何時(shí)要帶to,何時(shí)不帶 to,主要從三個(gè)方面去辨別。

　　(1)當(dāng)這些介詞前面的句中出現(xiàn)了用作謂語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do時(shí),其后的不定式就不帶 to;

　　(2)當(dāng)這些介詞前面的非謂語部分有不定式to do時(shí),其后的不定式符號to可用可不用;

　　(3)當(dāng)這些介詞前面(即謂語動(dòng)詞或非謂語動(dòng)詞部分)無動(dòng)詞 do時(shí),其后要接帶 to的動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　請?jiān)俦容^以下幾例:

　　What could he do but take back what he had said?

　　他除了收回他說的話外,還有別的什么辦法?

　　She has no work to do but(to)be a nurse.

　　她沒有別的工作可做,只好當(dāng)保姆。

　　They had no way out but to wait for the worst to come.

　　他們沒有別的出路,只好等待著最壞的情況到來。

　　“疑問詞+不定式”構(gòu)成的不定式短語,可用作任何介詞的賓語。

　　例如:

　　Everyone had his own idea of how to do it.

　　任何人對如何做這件事都有不同的看法。

　　He gave a lesson on how to improve soil.

　　他講了一堂如何改良土壤的課。

　　I have no idea about what to do next.

　　我不知道下一步怎么辦。

　　B形容詞作介詞賓語。可用形容詞作賓語的介詞有but、from、instead、of、near等。

　　例如:

　　My work is far from good(satisfactory/complete.)

　　我的工作離好(滿意/完成)還差得很遠(yuǎn)。

　　It is anything but bad.

　　這不是什么壞事。

　　Things went from bad to worse until Dickens' father was imprisoned for debt.

　　情況越來越壞,直到狄更斯的父親因負(fù)債而被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)牢.

　　Is your answer anywhere near correct?

　　你的回答近乎正確嗎?

　　Although spring has come，it is still quite cold instead of warm.

　　盡管春天已到,但天氣仍然并不暖和,而是很冷。

　　形容詞作介詞賓語還見于一些固定的習(xí)語中,這類習(xí)語常見的有at large，for the better，in short，in vain，like mad，on high等。

　　例如:

　　We had to drive like mad to get there on time.

　　我們只得盡快開車,以便能按時(shí)到達(dá)那里。

　　The policemen know who the culprit is，but they have not located him. He is still at large.

　　警察知道罪犯是誰,但還沒有查到他在何處,他仍逍遙法外。

　　He said，in short，that more research is needed before a definite decision can be reached.

　　總而言之,他說,在能夠做出明確的決定以前,還需作更多的研究。

　　C副詞作賓語�？捎酶痹~作賓語的介詞有 except，from，instead of，till等。

　　例如:

　　Where are you from?

　　你從何處來?

　　He has been studying hard except recently.

　　他一直學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦,只是最近才不這樣.

　　His father is from abroad.

　　他父親從國外來.

　　They received us coldly instead of warmly.

　　他們對我們很冷淡,并不熱情.

　　We didn't finish our talk until late in the evening.

　　我們直到深夜才結(jié)束談話。

　　在from now(then),till now(then),for long，by far 等習(xí)語中,都是副詞做介詞賓語。

　　例如:

　　He will not remain for long.

　　他不會(huì)呆得太久。

　　That will do for now. We will have a rest，and finish the job later.

　　暫時(shí)干這些就夠了。我們休息一下,等會(huì)兒再完成這項(xiàng)工作。

　　All property formerly belonging to the reactionaries is from

　　now on the property of the people.

　　以前屬于反動(dòng)派的一切財(cái)產(chǎn),從今以后都是人民的了。

　　D介詞短語作介詞賓語。 可用介詞短語作賓語的介詞有Across，except，from，instead of，since，to，till等。

　　例如:

　　He usually goes to school on his bike except on rainy days.

　　除了雨天,他通常都是騎自行車上學(xué).

　　I'll flog him to within an inch of his life.

　　我要把他打個(gè)死去活來。

　　It was not until after the First World War that votes for

　　women came.

　　直到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后婦女才有選舉權(quán)。

　　The cat appeared from under the table.

　　貓從桌子下面出來了。

　　E.whether，that作賓語。由連接代詞(如what，which，who等)或連接副詞(如how，where，why等)引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作介詞賓語是一種比較普遍的現(xiàn)象。

　　在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,由純連詞whether 或that引導(dǎo)的從句也可用作介詞賓語,其中that引導(dǎo)的從句只能用在except，but，in，save等少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞之后。

　　例如:

　　The debate was over whether they should，in spite of the heavy snowfall，start on a journey on foot，as had been planned，or they should post pone it.

　　他們所爭論的問題是:不顧眼下的大雪按原定計(jì)劃出發(fā)去徒步旅行呢,還是推遲進(jìn)行。

　　He hesitated(as to)whether he would go to see her.

　　他拿不定主意是否要去見她。

　　The molecules of ice and vapour are exactly the same，except that they move at different speeds.

　　冰與水蒸汽的分子完全一樣,只是它們運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度不同。

　　關(guān)于“介詞+that 從句”結(jié)構(gòu),有的語法家將其視為介詞短語,其中的that 從句用作介詞的賓語;有的語法家則認(rèn)為“介詞+'that”應(yīng)看作復(fù)合從屬連詞。我們認(rèn)為,這兩種理解都有一定的道理,只不過前者主要是從語法形式上來看,而后者則是從語法意義上來看的。請分別從形式和意義上去理解以下幾句:

　　Although the dividends are the same，this is the better investment in that it is a safe stock.

　　雖然紅利相同,但是這筆投資要好些,因?yàn)樗�的股票更為保險(xiǎn)。

　　All goes well with me on the whole，save that I have no appetite.

　　總的說來,我一切都感到不錯(cuò),只是沒有胃口。

　　This second atom has exactly the same properties as the first，except that it is twice as heavy.

　　第二個(gè)原子具有和第一個(gè)原子完全相同的性質(zhì),只是比第一個(gè)原子重一倍。

　　I should have come here earlier but that I was busy.

　　要是我不忙的話,我會(huì)來得早些。
 

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