特殊句式,高考英語語法專練

　　Ⅰ. 把下列句子變成倒裝句

　　1．We don't know its value until we lose health.

　　__Not__ __until__ __we__ __lose__ __health__ __do__ we know its value.

　　2．I will never forget you as long as I live.

　　__Never__ __will__ I forget you as long as I live.

　　3．I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.

　　__No__ __sooner__ __had__ __I__ __gone__ __out__ than it began to rain.

　　4．We can improve our English only in this way.

　　__Only__ __in__ __this__ __way__ __can__ __we__ improve our English.

　　5．We have so much homework to do that we have no time to take a rest.

　　__So__ __much__ __homework__ __do__ we have to do that we have no time to take a rest.

　　6．If it had not been for your help， I would have been late for school.

　　__Had__ __it__ __not__ __been__ for your help， I would have been late for school.

　　Ⅱ. 用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空

　　1．Either you or the headmaster __is__ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.

　　2．The teacher， with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class， __was_visiting__ (visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.

　　3．Two fifths of the land in that district __is__ (be) covered with trees and grass.

　　4．Nowadays， a large number of women， especially those from the countryside， __work__(work) in the clothing industry.

　　5．With more forests being destroyed， huge quantities of good earth __are_being_washed__ (wash) away each year.

　　6．He is the only one of the students who __has_been__ (be) the winner of scholarship for three years.

　　7．Every possible means __has_been_used__ (use)to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear.

　　8．When and where to go for the on－salary holiday__has_not_been_decided__(not， decide) yet.

　　9．She has set a new record， that is， the sales of her latest book __have_reached__ (reach) 50 million.

　　10．Professor Smith， along with his assistants，__is_working__(work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

　　Ⅲ. 根據(jù)句意與特殊句式，填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使句意完整。

　　1．__Only__by working hard can you catch up with the other students in your class.

　　答案與解析：句意：只有通過努力學(xué)習(xí)，你才能趕上班里其他的同學(xué)。“only＋狀語”置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝。

　　2．Not until he went through real hardship __did__ he realize the love we have for our families is important.

　　答案與解析：句意：直到經(jīng)歷了真正的困難，他才意識到我們熱愛家人的重要性。not until ...置于句首，主句需要部分倒裝，用did。

　　3．At no time __did__ they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

　　答案與解析：句意：實際上他們從來不違反比賽規(guī)定，懲罰他們不公平。題干中表示否定意義的at no time置于句首，句子應(yīng)該部分倒裝。

　　4．“Never for a second，” the boy says，“__did__ I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”

　　答案與解析：句意：那個男孩說：“我一秒鐘都沒有懷疑過我父親會來救我。”表示否定意義的詞(主語除外)位于句首時句子要用部分倒裝，根據(jù)句意可知說的是過去的事情，故用did。

　　5．Not once __did__ it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.

　　答案與解析：句意：邁克爾不止一次想過有朝一日他會成為班里的優(yōu)等生。表否定的not once置于句首，后面的句子需采用部分倒裝形式。

　　6．__Only__when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.

　　答案與解析：句意：只有在他為自己的無禮道歉時我才會再理他。“only＋狀語從句”置于句首時，主句部分倒裝。

　　7．It was only after he had read the papers __that__ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

　　答案與解析：句意：直到閱讀了這些文件之后，格羅斯先生才意識到擺在他面前的任務(wù)是極難完成的。It is/was ... that ...是強調(diào)句型。還原為普通句式為：Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers.

　　8．It was not until near the end of the letter __that__ she mentioned her own plan.

　　答案與解析：句意：直到在書信快結(jié)束的時候她才提到她自己的計劃。本題考查not ... until ...的強調(diào)句形式，即It is/was not until ... that ...。

　　9．It was with the help of the local guide __that__ the mountain climber was rescued.

　　答案與解析：句意：正是在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下這個登山者才被營救了。被強調(diào)部分為with the help of the local guide，將本句還原為普通句式為With the help of the local guide， the mountain climber was rescued.判斷強調(diào)句型的方法：把It is/was和that去掉后剩余的部分仍是一個完整的句子。

　　10．It was not until I came here __that__ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

　　答案與解析：句意：直到來到這里我才意識到這里之所以出名不僅是因為它的美麗還因為它的天氣。強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)為it was not until ... that ... “直到……才……”。

　　11．Little __does__ she care what she looks like； all she cares about is her job performance.

　　答案與解析：句意：她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表現(xiàn)。表否定意義的little位于句首，句子要用部分倒裝。

　　12．Only after Mary read her composition the second time __did__ she notice the spelling mistake.

　　答案與解析：句意：直到第二次讀了她的作文之后瑪麗才注意到那個拼寫錯誤。“only＋狀語從句”置于句首時，主句要部分倒裝，即助動詞置于主語前。其次，根據(jù)after引導(dǎo)的從句的時態(tài)可知，該句要用一般過去時。

　　13．Only when he reached the teahouse __did__ he realize it was the same place he'd been in last year.

　　答案與解析：句意：直到他到了茶館的時候，他才意識到這就是他去年來的地方。only修飾狀語(從句)置于句首時，句子(主句)需部分倒裝。

　　14．Find ways to praise your children often，__and__ you'll find they will open their hearts to you.

　　答案與解析：句意：設(shè)法常常表揚你的孩子，這樣你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們會向你敞開心扉。根據(jù)句意可知，前句后表順承關(guān)系，故填and。

　　15．Was it on a lonely island __that__ he was saved one month after the boat went down？

　　答案與解析：句意：他是不是在船沉了一個月之后在一個孤島上被人救出來的？結(jié)合句意可知，這里用It was ... that強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，被強調(diào)的是地點狀語on a lonely island。

　　Ⅳ. 語法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　A

　　There __1. was__ (be) a girl named Cinderella whose stepmother had two ugly and lazy daughters. Not only __2. did__ they get good cares， but also they needed to do nothing. However， __3. only__ by doing dirty housework could Cinderella get access to food； and seldom could she __4. gain__ (gain) some rest. Not __5.  until__ midnight was she allowed to go to bed. Poor __6. as/though__ she was， she was very beautiful. One day， from the palace came __7. an__ invitation， saying that the prince would choose his wife. Away went her stepmother and her stepsisters to the palace. Never had Cinderella __8. been__ (be) permitted to go with them.“__9. Were__(be) I a princess， I would live a whole new life！” sighed Cinderella. No sooner had she sat down __10. than__ a goddess appeared and gave her a smart dress， a cargo as well as horses. But she warned Cinderella that everything would disappear at 12 o'clock. When Cinderella arrived at the party， __11. so__ attractive was Cinderella that the prince only danced with her. Hardly had the clock stricken twelve __12. when__ Cinderella began to run， and she left a crystal slipper on the stair. The prince's servant came to Cinderella's to find out the owner of the slipper. Cinderella's elder sister couldn't wear it. __13. Neither/Nor__ could another sister. Not a word could anybody say when Cinderella wore the slipper perfectly. From then on she lived happily ever after with her prince.

　　文章大意：灰姑娘每天都要做很多家務(wù)，而繼母和她的女兒則整日欺負(fù)灰姑娘。王子舉行選妃舞會，灰姑娘在仙女的幫助下，漂漂亮亮地參加了舞會，并最終成為了王妃。

　　解析：

　　1．因There be句型為完全倒裝，主語為a girl，故謂語動詞是was。

　　2．因not only，..but(also)．..連接兩個并列分句，not only放在句首，其后分句需要部分倒裝：從前后語境看，get該用一般過去時，而get是原形，故前面應(yīng)加助動詞did。

　　3．從could Cinderella get這一部分倒裝可以推斷，前面是“only＋狀語(介詞短語)”。

　　4．seldom否定詞放在句首時，句子需要部分倒裝，又情態(tài)動詞could提到主語前面了，因此gain用動詞原形。

　　5．Not until...引導(dǎo)狀語從句。

　　6．a(chǎn)s/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其表語poor提前了。

　　7．作地點狀語的介詞短語from the palace提前，句子用完全倒裝，invitation(請柬)作主語，前面用不定冠詞。

　　8．因否定詞never放在句首時，句子需要部分倒裝；這是過去完成時的被動語態(tài)．故填been。

　　9．此處的Were I．..(＝If I were...)表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)。

　　10．no sooner...than...是固定搭配，意為“一……就”。

　　11．so...that...是固定搭配，意為“如此……以至于……”。

　　12．hardly...when...是固定搭配，意為“一……就……”。

　　13．灰姑娘的一個姐姐不適合，另一個姐姐也不適合。用neither/nor表示前面所述情況也不適合另一個人或物。

　　B

　　Our school library， along with many other buildings， is very different from other schools'. There __1. are__ (be) two computer rooms， three art rooms， a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books __2. is__ (be) large， and maybe there are 100，000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200，000 dollars. Maybe 200，000 dollars __3. is__ (be) large to every student. In the era of knowledge explosion， the number of the students who __4. have__ (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day. Nowadays， our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student __5. likes__ (like) to surf the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates， Mike and John __6. are_playing__ (play) computer games there. When you turn to another room， you will find that a professor and writer __7. is_delivering__ (deliver) a speech. Each boy and each girl __8. is_focusing__(focus)on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech， the audience always __9. cheer/cheers__(cheer) up. You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students is at the room. On the wall __10. are__(be) 100 pictures， which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.

　　解析：

　　1．因there be句型中be動詞常與離其最近的主語保持一致。

　　2．主語是the number of＋名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　3．時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)當(dāng)一個整體來作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　4．關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。

　　5．many a＋名詞作主語時，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。

　　6．兩個名詞由and連接作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　7．當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞是指同一人時，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。a professor and writer意思是“一名教授兼作家”。

　　8．由and連接的單數(shù)主語，前面有each，every，no等修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

　　9．集體名詞group，class，family，army，audience等作主語時，如果強調(diào)集體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強調(diào)個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　10．在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。