高二英語教案：《Saving the earth總復習》教學設計(9)

　　【注意】作此義講，responsible是表語形容詞，不能作定語。若人作主語，表示"應負責任的"，若主語是物，表示造成事實的原因。如：① Who is responsible for this terrible mess? 誰應對這一團糟局面負責? ② The weather is responsible for the delay. 由于天氣原因才耽誤了。

　　22. Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action. 像地球峰會這樣的會議幫助人們了解還存在著嚴重的問題及還需要時間來采取行動。(p.68 Reading 第三段 第1行)

　　1) conference；meeting的區別：conference比較正式，指重大、規模較大的會議或專業性較強的學術(研討)會議。meeting為普通用語，指一般性的會議。 ① Our English teacher has gone to Beijing to attend the conference on education. 我們英語老師赴京參加教育會議。 ② The important conference was held at the Hague in 1899. 那次重要會議于1899年在海牙召開。③ We have a class meeting every Friday. 我們每周五開班會。④ When is the school sports meeting going to be held? 學校運動會什么時候召開?

　　2) 在there be結構中，根據需要be可換成stand，appear，seem，remain，exist，come，lie，happen，enter等。如： ① There once lived an old hunter in the house. 這所房子里曾經住過一位老獵人。② There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter. 在這個問題上似乎有誤會。③ There came shouts for help from the river. 從河邊傳來了求救聲。④ There happened an event. 發生了一件事。⑤ There appear to be several reasons for changing our plans. 看來改變我們的計劃有幾個理由。(不能說：There appears...，因主語為復數)

　　3) take action意為"采取行動"。如：① The police had to take firm action to deal with the riots. 警方不得不采取果斷行動來對付騷亂。② Let's see how they take action next. 且看他們下步如何。③ An action must be taken to check this tendency. 必須采取行動，制止這種傾向。

　　【辨析】act；action: act指短暫、簡單而具體的個別動作，也用于具有某性質的動作。action指時間持續較長、復雜的、多步驟的、抽象的動作。☆在用不可數名詞表示總的概念時，多用action，而不用act。① The young man did another foolish act. 這青年又做了一件傻事。② Force is the action of one object on another. 力是一物體在另一個物體上的作用。③ It was your act and you must accept the consequences. 那是你的行為，你必須自食其果。④ He is a man of action. 他是一位實踐家。

　　23. If all of us make small changes, we could make a big difference．如果我們所有的人都做出點小的改變，那么我們就能夠產生巨大的差別。(p.68 Reading 第四段 倒數第1行)

　　make a／the difference意為"產生差別；有影響；起重要作用"。如：① It makes a difference which you choose. 你選擇哪一個，關系重大。② It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. 不管他去或者不去，對我都沒多大影響。③It doesn't make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 對我來說，你走還是留關系不大。

　　【拓展】make a difference 還可作"區別對待"講。如：    We should make a strict difference between friends and enemies. 我們必須嚴格區分敵友。

　　【鏈接】與difference構成的習慣搭配have a difference 有差異 / tell the difference 辨別差異 / split the difference 把差額平分；互讓 / wipe out the difference 消除分歧／差別 / difference between A and B  A與B的差別 / difference of opinion 意見分歧 / difference in age 年齡差別

　　24. A better understanding of the environment is necess- ary, as is the willingness to act. 更好地了解環境是必要的，這是心甘情愿的行動。(p.68 Reading 第五段 第2行)

　　as在此用作關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，用來指代主句的整個概念，可置于句首、句中或句末，含有"正如......的"之意。如：① As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. 我們知道，百分之七十以上的地球表面被水所覆蓋。② This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date. 眾所周知，這種計算機現在已經過時了。③ Yesterday Mr．Green quarrelled with his wife, as seldom happened. 昨天格林先生同妻子吵了架，他們是很少吵架的。

　　【辨析】as；which: 兩者都可引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句或主句的一部分內容，有時可以互換，但as位置靈活，which只能置于主句之后；as常用于as has been said，as is well-known，as often happens，as may be imagined，as we know，as we can see，as we expect等結構中，而which不能；但當從句的謂語動詞是否定形式或謂語類似是一個復合賓語結構時，一般用which而不用as。① Abraham Lincoln was shot at a theatre in Washington, which made the American people very sad. 亞伯拉罕?林肯在華盛頓一家劇院遭到槍殺，這使美國人民非常悲痛。② He was strongly against the idea, as would be expected. 正如可預料的那樣，他強烈反對這個意見。    ③ He made the same mistake, which made the teacher very angry. 他又犯了同樣的錯誤，這使得老師非常生氣。 ④ His son turned thief, which surprised everyone in the village. 他的兒子當了賊，村里的人都感到驚奇。