運用邏輯 征服新托福口語

　　在新托福口語考試中，高分考生的答案普遍都具有一個特點，那就是清晰（clear）和連貫（coherent）。特別是在學術感很強的Task6部分，考生沒有了閱讀材料作參考，只能完全依賴聽力材料, 難度增加的同時，能否表達的清晰連貫就更加重要了。在緊張的，有嚴格時間限制的考試過程中要做到這兩個要求，一個最為行之有效的方法便是使用邏輯感非常強烈的句型。在本文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心將主要針對新托福口語part 6，通過一些常見真題來探討一下最能體現邏輯感的四大狀語從句（即時間，原因，條件，讓步）在考試當中的運用，從而幫助考生們有效展現清晰和連貫的語言能力。

　　一．四大條件狀語從句

　　1.       時間狀語從句 【adverbial clause of time】：

　　常用引導詞：When, while, as, after, before, as soon as, since, till

　　2.       原因狀語從句 【adverbial clause of cause】：

　　常用引導詞：because, since, as, for

　　特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that

　　3.       條件狀語從句 【adverbial clause of condition】

　　常用引導詞：if, unless,

　　特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that

　　4.       讓步狀語從句 【adverbial clause of concession】

　　常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though

　　特殊引導詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

　　二．Task 6真題示范講解

　　題目簡介：

　　【講課要點】：心理學

　　講兒童情緒。不僅只是高興與否，也會情緒轉移。

　　【舉例說明】：

　　許多孩子在同一房間。如果一個哭，另一個也會哭，然后更多的孩子一起哭。人們以為這是對外界環境---噪音的反應。

　　一個成人和一個孩子玩。成人哭了，孩子并不哭。這證明原來孩子哭是表示同情，而不是由于外界的吵鬧。

　　然后研究也表明：孩子聽別人的哭聲的錄音帶，孩子會哭；孩子聽自己的哭聲的錄音帶，孩子不哭。

　　回答演示1：

　　The lecture tells us about children’s emotion. They are not only happy or angry, but also show empathy of others. Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that many children are in the same room and a child starts to cry, another one also starts to cry and more children join it soon. So people think this is caused by environment but not noise. Another example is that an adult plays with a child. He starts to cry, but the baby does not cry. This is against the previous conclusion that noise makes the child cry. Actually，this is an emotional-empathy，that is，they have sympathy for other children. Research has also shown that one tape with other baby’s crying makes the baby cries. But another tape of his own crying doesn’t make the baby cry. Therefore, babies cry because empathy of others. They concern about others.

　　答案解析：

　　新托福口語Task 6中，最常出現的題型就是這種現象——舉例式題目，我們可以看到在這個范例中，雖然考生將聽力材料中的重要信息都涵蓋在答案里，而且沒有出現任何明顯的語法錯誤，但是因為缺少必要的邏輯連接詞，整個表達給我們一種非常凌亂的感覺，毫無任何連貫和清晰可言。這也是很多考生之所以雖然將筆記記得非常詳細，卻依然拿不到理想分數的主要原因。

　　回答演示2：

　　The lecture tells us about children’s emotion. They are not only happy or angry, but also show empathy of others. Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that many children are in the same room. When a child starts to cry, another will also start to cry and more children join it later on. So people think this is because of the environment, but not noise. Another example is that an adult plays with a child. When he starts to cry, the baby does not cry. This is against the previous conclusion that the child cries due to the noise. Actually this is because of an emotional-empathy. The children cry because they show empathy for other children. Research has also shown this----- if a baby listens to one tape with other baby’s crying, the baby cries. If a baby hears another tape of his own crying, the baby does not cry. Therefore, babies cry because they feel empathy of others. They concern about others.

　　答案解析：

　　在這個回答范例中，我們在原來答案的基礎上加入了若干表示原因，讓步，條件邏輯關系的連接詞，構成了狀語從句，可以很明顯感到改動后的答案體現了強烈的邏輯感，前后句的關系更加緊密，語意立刻變得清晰，連貫，在短時間內使考生能夠把lecture的內容解釋清楚。

　　接下來我們來看另一道真題演示，體會這些狀語從句的作用：

　　題目簡介：

　　【講課要點】： 科技類

　　科技課。講了發明創造的兩種出現方式

　　【舉例說明】：

　　有意出現

　　無意出現。

　　然后分別用雙焦眼鏡（bifocal glasses）和 X-rays 舉例說明。

　　回答演示：

　　In the lecture, the professor tells about the new technolgy’s coming up and changing in our daily life. He explains that there are two ways in which those inventions and innovations happen: intentionally and accidentally. Then he takes bifocal glasses for example to show intentional discoveries. Before the bifocal glasses were invented, people had to carry two pairs of glasses wherever they went. One was for seeing things far away, and the other for closer views. Therefore when bifocal glasses were invented, they immediately became popular among many people because of the great convenience provided.

　　He goes on to give another example of accidental innovation. When people first encountered X-ray in the lab, the scientists had no idea of what this finding meant, or where to put this discovery into application.

　　通過以上的陳述以及范例講解，希望考生們可以充分體會并理解，在口語表達的清晰與連貫性上，四大狀語從句所起的至關重要的作用，并在考試中有效運用，以助考生們獲得理想成績。